--- url: 'https://kalasudha.com/ne-int/gharana/sham-chaurasia-gharana' title: 'शाम चौरासिया घराना' author: name: Anonymous updated: '2026-11-05T00:23:49+00:00' type: website summary: 'शाम चौरासिया घराना हिन्दुस्तानी कण्ठसंगीतको एक वंशानुगत घराना हो, अर्थात् भारतको पंजाबको होशियारपुर जिल्लाको शाम चौरासी सहरको नाममा रहेको गायक परिवार। परम्परा यसलाई १६औँ शताब्दीको मान्छ। यसको नाम अङ्ग्रेजीमा Shamchaurasi र Shaam Chaurasi पनि लेखिन्छ। यो ध्रुपदबाट सुरु भयो र २०औँ शताब्दीमा ख़्यालतर्फ लाग्यो। डनले २००९ मा लेखेअनुसार यसका संगीतकारहरूका पुस्तौँले जुगलबन्दी, अर्थात् युगल गायनको विकास गरे।परम्परा यसको स्थापनाको श्रेय दुई दाजुभाइ, चाँद खान र सूरज खानलाई दिन्छ, र उहाँहरूलाई अकबरको दरबारमा तानसेनका समकालीन मान्छ। २००३ देखिका पत्रपत्रिकाका विवरणहरू मुगलकालीन कुनै अभिलेख उद्धृत नगरी यही कुरा फेरि भन्छन्। २०१४ मा द फ्राइडे टाइम्ससँगको अन्तर्वार्तामा शफकत अली खानले परिवारको संस्करण सुनाउनुभयो। उहाँका अनुसार ती दुई सूर्यवंशी राजपूत किसान सुधाकर र दिवाकर हुनुहुन्थ्यो, जसले अकबरको दरबारमा इस्लाम धर्म अपनाएर नयाँ नाम लिनुभयो। पारिवारिक किंवदन्तीअनुसार उहाँहरूले स्वामी हरिदाससँग तालिम लिनुभएको थियो। परिवार ‘शाम’ नाम राजा श्यामबाट आएको र अकबरले उहाँलाई ८४ गाउँ फिर्ता दिएको बताउँछ। खुशवन्त सिंह २००३ मा द ट्रिब्युनमा कुनै एक नरोजी दुई स्थानीय संस्करण दिनुहुन्छ: शाम पण्डित वा श्यामा रूपका कृष्णको नाममा राखिएको ब्राह्मण गाउँ, वा त्यहीँ दफन गरिएका सूफी सन्त शामू शाह। उहाँका अनुसार चौरासी शब्दले सम्भवतः मिसलदार बघेल सिंहले स्थापना गरेको र महाराजा रणजीत सिंहले पुष्टि गरेको ८४ गाउँको राजस्व क्षेत्र जनाउँछ।परिवारको विवरणअनुसार यो गायकीले तीनै सप्तक प्रयोग गर्छ र हतार नगरिने आलापबाट क्रमशः राग निर्माण गर्छ। परिवार सपाट तानहरू, अर्थात् सीधा दौडलाई आफ्नो विशेषता मान्छ, र एउटै रागमा गायकले कुनै तान विरलै दोस्रोपटक गाउने बताउँछ। यसले लयमाथिको पकडमा पनि जोड दिन्छ, जसमा सूल फाख्ताजस्ता दुर्लभ ताल र तबलावादकसँगको सवाल-जवाफ पर्छन्।सलामत अली खान र उहाँका दाजु नजाकत अली खानले आफ्ना बुबा विलायत अली खानबाट ध्रुपदबाट सुरु गरेर तालिम लिनुभयो। एसोसिएटेड प्रेस अफ पाकिस्तानले उहाँहरूको पहिलो प्रस्तुति १९४१ मा हरिवल्लभ मेलामा भएको बताउँछ। १९४७ मा विभाजनपछि उहाँहरू पाकिस्तानको मुल्तानमा बस्नुभयो, र करिब एक दशकपछि लाहोर सर्नुभयो। सोही समाचार संस्थाका अनुसार उहाँहरूको जोडी १९७४ मा छुट्टियो। परिवार भण्डारमा ख़्याल, ठुमरी, दादरा र काफी थप्ने श्रेय यो जोडीलाई दिन्छ। सलामतका छोराहरू शराफत अली खान र शफकत अली खानले यो वंश अघि बढाउनुभयो। द फ्राइडे टाइम्सले शफकतलाई पाकिस्तानमा आफ्नो पुस्ताका अग्रणी गायक भन्छ, यद्यपि उहाँ आफ्ना बुबाको संगीतलाई कुनै एउटै घरानाको नाम दिन अस्वीकार गर्नुहुन्छ।प्रमुख कलाकारहरूचाँद खान, परम्पराअनुसार सह-संस्थापक, १६औँ शताब्दीसूरज खान, परम्पराअनुसार सह-संस्थापक, १६औँ शताब्दीविलायत अली खान, नजाकत र सलामतका बुबा र गुरु, जसलाई डन घरानाका प्रतीक व्यक्तित्वमा गन्छनियाज हुसेन शामी, गायक र गुरु, सलामत अली खानका बुबाका दाजुभाइनजाकत अली खान, ख़्याल गायक, सलामतका दाजु र युगल साथीसलामत अली खान, ख़्याल गायक, १९३४ देखि २००१, प्राइड अफ परफर्मेन्स र सितारा-ए-इम्तियाज १९७७शराफत अली खान, गायक, १९५५ देखि २००९शफकत अली खान (शफकत सलामत अली खान पनि), ख़्याल गायक, १९७९ मा सात वर्षको उमेरमा पहिलो सार्वजनिक प्रस्तुतिस्रोतहरूKhushwant Singh, This Above All, The Tribune (2003)Inayat Illahi Malik, The revolutionary duo, Dawn (2006)Dawn, शराफत अली खानको श्रद्धाञ्जलि लेख (2009)Ally Adnan, शफकत सलामत अली खानसँगको अन्तर्वार्ता, The Friday Times (2014)Associated Press of Pakistan, सलामत अली खानको वार्षिकी परिचय (2020)' tags: - 'Patiala Gharana (Khayal)' image: 'https://kalasudha.com/themes/custom/music_agency/assets/icon/logo.svg' published: true og: site_name: KalaSudha 'image:url': 'https://kalasudha.com/themes/custom/music_agency/assets/icon/logo.svg' 'image:secure_url': 'https://kalasudha.com/themes/custom/music_agency/assets/icon/logo.svg' 'image:type': image/svg+xml 'image:alt': KalaSudha --- # शाम चौरासिया घराना शाम चौरासिया घराना Vocal Gharana Sham Chaurasi, Punjab Earlier Founded By मियाँ चाँद र मियाँ सूरज खान **शाम चौरासिया घराना** [हिन्दुस्तानी कण्ठसंगीत](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical)को एक वंशानुगत घराना हो, अर्थात् भारतको पंजाबको होशियारपुर जिल्लाको शाम चौरासी सहरको नाममा रहेको गायक परिवार। परम्परा यसलाई १६औँ शताब्दीको मान्छ। यसको नाम अङ्ग्रेजीमा Shamchaurasi र Shaam Chaurasi पनि लेखिन्छ। यो [ध्रुपद](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical/dhrupad)बाट सुरु भयो र २०औँ शताब्दीमा [ख़्याल](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical/khayal)तर्फ लाग्यो। डनले २००९ मा लेखेअनुसार यसका संगीतकारहरूका पुस्तौँले **जुगलबन्दी**, अर्थात् युगल गायनको विकास गरे। परम्परा यसको स्थापनाको श्रेय दुई दाजुभाइ, चाँद खान र सूरज खानलाई दिन्छ, र उहाँहरूलाई अकबरको दरबारमा तानसेनका समकालीन मान्छ। २००३ देखिका पत्रपत्रिकाका विवरणहरू मुगलकालीन कुनै अभिलेख उद्धृत नगरी यही कुरा फेरि भन्छन्। २०१४ मा द फ्राइडे टाइम्ससँगको अन्तर्वार्तामा शफकत अली खानले परिवारको संस्करण सुनाउनुभयो। उहाँका अनुसार ती दुई सूर्यवंशी राजपूत किसान सुधाकर र दिवाकर हुनुहुन्थ्यो, जसले अकबरको दरबारमा इस्लाम धर्म अपनाएर नयाँ नाम लिनुभयो। पारिवारिक किंवदन्तीअनुसार उहाँहरूले स्वामी हरिदाससँग तालिम लिनुभएको थियो। परिवार ‘शाम’ नाम राजा श्यामबाट आएको र अकबरले उहाँलाई ८४ गाउँ फिर्ता दिएको बताउँछ। खुशवन्त सिंह २००३ मा द ट्रिब्युनमा कुनै एक नरोजी दुई स्थानीय संस्करण दिनुहुन्छ: शाम पण्डित वा श्यामा रूपका कृष्णको नाममा राखिएको ब्राह्मण गाउँ, वा त्यहीँ दफन गरिएका सूफी सन्त शामू शाह। उहाँका अनुसार चौरासी शब्दले सम्भवतः मिसलदार बघेल सिंहले स्थापना गरेको र महाराजा रणजीत सिंहले पुष्टि गरेको ८४ गाउँको राजस्व क्षेत्र जनाउँछ। परिवारको विवरणअनुसार यो गायकीले तीनै सप्तक प्रयोग गर्छ र हतार नगरिने आलापबाट क्रमशः राग निर्माण गर्छ। परिवार **सपाट तानहरू**, अर्थात् सीधा दौडलाई आफ्नो विशेषता मान्छ, र एउटै रागमा गायकले कुनै तान विरलै दोस्रोपटक गाउने बताउँछ। यसले लयमाथिको पकडमा पनि जोड दिन्छ, जसमा सूल फाख्ताजस्ता दुर्लभ ताल र तबलावादकसँगको सवाल-जवाफ पर्छन्। सलामत अली खान र उहाँका दाजु नजाकत अली खानले आफ्ना बुबा विलायत अली खानबाट ध्रुपदबाट सुरु गरेर तालिम लिनुभयो। एसोसिएटेड प्रेस अफ पाकिस्तानले उहाँहरूको पहिलो प्रस्तुति १९४१ मा हरिवल्लभ मेलामा भएको बताउँछ। १९४७ मा विभाजनपछि उहाँहरू पाकिस्तानको मुल्तानमा बस्नुभयो, र करिब एक दशकपछि लाहोर सर्नुभयो। सोही समाचार संस्थाका अनुसार उहाँहरूको जोडी १९७४ मा छुट्टियो। परिवार भण्डारमा ख़्याल, ठुमरी, दादरा र काफी थप्ने श्रेय यो जोडीलाई दिन्छ। सलामतका छोराहरू शराफत अली खान र शफकत अली खानले यो वंश अघि बढाउनुभयो। द फ्राइडे टाइम्सले शफकतलाई पाकिस्तानमा आफ्नो पुस्ताका अग्रणी गायक भन्छ, यद्यपि उहाँ आफ्ना बुबाको संगीतलाई कुनै एउटै घरानाको नाम दिन अस्वीकार गर्नुहुन्छ। ### प्रमुख कलाकारहरू - चाँद खान, परम्पराअनुसार सह-संस्थापक, १६औँ शताब्दी - सूरज खान, परम्पराअनुसार सह-संस्थापक, १६औँ शताब्दी - विलायत अली खान, नजाकत र सलामतका बुबा र गुरु, जसलाई डन घरानाका प्रतीक व्यक्तित्वमा गन्छ - नियाज हुसेन शामी, गायक र गुरु, सलामत अली खानका बुबाका दाजुभाइ - नजाकत अली खान, ख़्याल गायक, सलामतका दाजु र युगल साथी - सलामत अली खान, ख़्याल गायक, १९३४ देखि २००१, प्राइड अफ परफर्मेन्स र सितारा-ए-इम्तियाज १९७७ - शराफत अली खान, गायक, १९५५ देखि २००९ - शफकत अली खान (शफकत सलामत अली खान पनि), ख़्याल गायक, १९७९ मा सात वर्षको उमेरमा पहिलो सार्वजनिक प्रस्तुति ### स्रोतहरू - Khushwant Singh, This Above All, The Tribune (2003) - Inayat Illahi Malik, The revolutionary duo, Dawn (2006) - Dawn, शराफत अली खानको श्रद्धाञ्जलि लेख (2009) - Ally Adnan, शफकत सलामत अली खानसँगको अन्तर्वार्ता, The Friday Times (2014) - Associated Press of Pakistan, सलामत अली खानको वार्षिकी परिचय (2020) [Sign in to follow](/ne-int/user/login?flag_anon=follow_term-352&destination=/ne-int/markdownify/taxonomy/term/352) [ सेयर गर्नुहोस् ](/ne-int/share/term/352) ### मुख्य तथ्यहरू प्रकार Vocal Gharana उत्पत्ति Sham Chaurasi, Punjab Era Earlier ## Origins & History Tradition credits the founding to two brothers, **Chand Khan and Suraj Khan**, and makes them contemporaries of Tansen at Akbar's court. By the family's own account, given by Shafqat Ali Khan in 2014, they were Suryavanshi Rajput farmers, Sudhakar and Diwakar, who took new names on converting to Islam at Akbar's court. Family legend adds that they trained under Swami Haridas. The name has several stories. The family derives Sham from a Raja Shyam and says Akbar returned 84 villages to him. Khushwant Singh, writing in The Tribune in 2003, gives two local versions without choosing: a Brahmin village named after Sham Pandit or after Krishna as Shyama, or the Sufi saint Shamoo Shah, buried there. He reads Chaurasi, eighty-four, as a revenue zone of 84 villages set up by the misldar Baghel Singh and confirmed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. At Partition most Muslims of Sham Chaurasi left for Pakistan, and the singing tradition declined in the town. The family settled first in **Multan** and moved to Lahore about a decade later. In 1953 people of Sham Chaurasi invited Nazakat Ali Khan back to sing in his birthplace. > "gave birth to a family of singers thereafter known as Sham Chaurasi Gharana" > > — Khushwant Singh > > This Above All, The Tribune (2003) ## ऐतिहासिक समयरेखा 1941 ### Debut at the Harballabh Mela The Associated Press of Pakistan dates the first public performance of Nazakat Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan as a duet to 1941, at the Harballabh Mela, where they sang Raag Mian ki Todi. 1947 ### Partition and the move to Multan At Partition most Muslims of Sham Chaurasi leave for Pakistan. The family settles in Multan and moves to Lahore about a decade later. 1953 ### Nazakat Ali Khan sings in Sham Chaurasi People of Sham Chaurasi invite Nazakat Ali Khan back to sing in his birthplace, after the singing tradition had declined in the town. 1977 ### Pride of Performance for Salamat Ali Khan Salamat Ali Khan receives Pakistan's Pride of Performance and the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in the same year. 1979 ### Debut of Shafqat Ali Khan Shafqat Ali Khan, youngest son of Salamat Ali Khan, makes his public debut at the age of seven. ## Lineage & Legacy The guru-shishya tradition passed down through generations The family traces its singers to the two founding brothers. In the 20th century Vilayat Ali Khan and his brother Niaz Hussain Shami taught Vilayat Ali Khan's sons **Nazakat Ali Khan** and **Salamat Ali Khan**, starting them in dhrupad. Salamat's sons Sharafat Ali Khan and Shafqat Ali Khan carried the line into the 21st century, and his sons Sakhawat and Latafat also sang with him. ### Founding brothers #### Chand Khan 16th century, by tradition Founder by tradition One of the two brothers tradition credits with founding the gharana at Akbar's court. Khushwant Singh records that Chand Khan was known for night ragas. #### Suraj Khan 16th century, by tradition Founder by tradition Chand Khan's brother and co-founder by tradition. In Khushwant Singh's account he was known for day ragas, a play on suraj, the sun, and chand, the moon. Guru-Shishya Tradition ### Teachers of the 20th century #### Vilayat Ali Khan Singer and teacher Father and teacher of Nazakat Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan, who started both sons in dhrupad before they turned to khayal. #### Niaz Hussain Shami Singer and teacher Vilayat Ali Khan's brother and a teacher of his nephew Salamat Ali Khan. Inayat Illahi Malik calls him basically a dhrupad singer. Guru-Shishya Tradition ### The duet brothers #### Nazakat Ali Khan Died 1984 Khayal singer Elder brother and duet partner of Salamat Ali Khan, born in Sham Chaurasi. He trained first in dhrupad under his father and later turned to khayal. #### Salamat Ali Khan 1934-2001 Khayal singer Born in Hoshiarpur district, he sang with his brother Nazakat from childhood and later performed solo. He received the Pride of Performance and the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1977. Guru-Shishya Tradition ### Salamat's sons #### Sharafat Ali Khan 1955-2009 Singer Salamat Ali Khan's son, born in Multan in 1955, who carried the family's singing on until his death in 2009. #### Shafqat Ali Khan Khayal singer Also known as Shafqat Salamat Ali Khan, the youngest son of Salamat Ali Khan. He made his public debut in 1979 at the age of seven. The gharana system is rooted in the guru-shishya (teacher-disciple) tradition, where musical knowledge and style are passed down through direct apprenticeship over three or more generations. ## Key exponents - Chand Khan, co-founder by tradition, 16th century - Suraj Khan, co-founder by tradition, 16th century - Vilayat Ali Khan, father and teacher of Nazakat and Salamat - Niaz Hussain Shami, singer and teacher, uncle of Salamat Ali Khan - Nazakat Ali Khan, khayal singer, elder brother and duet partner of Salamat - Salamat Ali Khan, khayal singer, 1934-2001, Pride of Performance 1977 - Sharafat Ali Khan, singer, 1955-2009 - Shafqat Ali Khan (also Shafqat Salamat Ali Khan), khayal singer, debut 1979 ## सांगीतिक विशेषताहरू Distinctive style, techniques, and aesthetic philosophy ### Overall Style Generations of the gharana's musicians specialised in dhrupad and developed **jugalbandi**, duet singing, which Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan practised from childhood. In the family's own description, the gayaki uses all three octaves and builds the raga step by step from an unhurried alap. The family names **sapaat taans**, straight runs, as a speciality, and stresses command of rhythm, including rare taals such as Sul Fakhta. #### Duet singing The gharana developed jugalbandi, two voices singing together. Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan sang as a pair from their childhood debut until they parted. #### Sapaat taans The family names straight taans as a speciality, and says a singer seldom repeats a taan within one raga. #### Rare taals The family stresses rhythmic command: singing in rare taals such as Sul Fakhta and Ikwai, and trading rhythmic exchanges with the tabla player. #### Unhurried alap In the family's description, the singer opens with a slow alap, builds the raga step by step and uses all three octaves. ## Signature Repertoire The gharana's repertoire began in [dhrupad](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical/dhrupad). The family credits Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan with adding [khayal](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical/khayal), thumri, dadra and kafi. At their first public performance, at the Harballabh Mela in 1941, the brothers sang Raag Mian ki Todi. ## Compare with Similar Gharanas Understand how शाम चौरासिया घराना differs from other traditions Select a Gharana to Compare: पटियाला घराना (ख़्याल) | | शाम चौरासिया घराना (Current) | पटियाला घराना (ख़्याल) (Comparing) | |---|---|---| | प्रकार | Vocal | Vocal | | उत्पत्ति | Sham Chaurasi, Punjab | Patiala, Punjab | | Era | Earlier | Late 19th century | | Style | Generations of the gharana's musicians specialised in dhrupad and developed jugalbandi, duet singing, which Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan practised from childhood. In the family's own description, the gayaki uses all three octaves and builds the raga step by step from an unhurried alap. The family names sapaat taans, straight runs, as a speciality, and stresses command of rhythm, including rare taals such as Sul Fakhta. | Aditi Bhaskar describes Patiala singing as a convergence of the older Delhi, Gwalior and Jaipur gharanas, and Meenakshi Vashisth stresses its tie to Gwalior. Punjabi folk music, the tappa above all, shaped its taans and ornament. Its singers favour fast, fluid taans and complex layakari, rhythmic play, and the musicologist Shahbaz Ali says they sing from the chest. | [View पटियाला घराना (ख़्याल) Details ](/ne-int/gharana/patiala-gharana-khayal) ## Influence & Legacy Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan, trained in dhrupad, became leading khayal singers in Pakistan by the early 1950s and widened the family's repertoire. Salamat Ali Khan's first gramophone record, by Inayat Illahi Malik's account, came from His Master's Voice in 1945. After the brothers parted, Salamat sang solo with his sons, and Shafqat Ali Khan carries the line today. ## बारम्बार सोधिने प्रश्नहरू What is the Sham Chaurasia gharana? It is a hereditary school of Hindustani vocal music, a family of singers named after Sham Chaurasi, a town in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab. Its traditional origin lies in the 16th century, at Akbar's court. It began in dhrupad and turned to [khayal](/ne-int/vocal/hindustani-classical/khayal) in the 20th century, and is known for duet singing. Who founded the Sham Chaurasia gharana? Tradition credits two brothers, Chand Khan and Suraj Khan, and makes them contemporaries of Tansen at Akbar's court. By the family's own account their birth names were Sudhakar and Diwakar, Suryavanshi Rajput farmers who took new names on converting to Islam. In the same account, the brothers studied with Swami Haridas. Which musicians belong to the Sham Chaurasia gharana today? Shafqat Ali Khan, also known as Shafqat Salamat Ali Khan, is the youngest son of Salamat Ali Khan and made his public debut in 1979 at the age of seven. His elder brother Sharafat Ali Khan died in 2009. Their brothers Sakhawat and Latafat also performed with their father. How does the Sham Chaurasia gharana differ from the Patiala gharana? Both are Punjab schools of khayal. Sham Chaurasia is a family line that began in dhrupad and is known for duet singing and, by the family's account, for sapaat taans and rare taals. The [Patiala gharana](/ne-int/gharana/patiala-gharana-khayal) grew at the Patiala court in the late 19th century, with fast taans shaped by the Punjabi tappa. Is the Sham Chaurasia gharana a khayal or a dhrupad gharana? Both, at different times. The gharana began as a dhrupad tradition, and its 20th-century singers trained first in dhrupad. Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan then turned to khayal, and the family credits them with adding khayal, thumri, dadra and kafi to the repertoire. Why is it called Sham Chaurasi? The gharana takes the name of its town in Hoshiarpur district. Khushwant Singh reads Chaurasi, eighty-four, as a revenue zone of 84 villages, and gives Sham Pandit, Krishna as Shyama or the Sufi saint Shamoo Shah as the source of Sham. The family derives it from a Raja Shyam. Who are Nazakat Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan, and what did they change? They were brothers, sons and pupils of Vilayat Ali Khan, who sang as a duet from 1941. Trained first in dhrupad, they turned to khayal and by the early 1950s were leading khayal singers in Pakistan. The family credits them with adding khayal, thumri, dadra and kafi. They later parted, and Salamat sang solo. Why is the gharana now based in Pakistan when Shamchaurasi is in Indian Punjab? At Partition in 1947 most Muslims of Sham Chaurasi left for Pakistan, and the singing tradition declined in the town. The family settled first in Multan and moved to Lahore about a decade later. In 1953 the town invited Nazakat Ali Khan back to sing in his birthplace. Have more questions? Contact our support team and we'll be happy to help!