Western instrument · Plucked string
Guitarगिटार
The guitar is a six-string fretted chordophone with roots in 16th-century Spain and Italy. In India it plays Hindustani and Carnatic classical music, Hindi film music, Goan folk and fusion.
- Family
- Plucked string
- Strings
- 6, nylon or steel
- Standard tuning
- E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4
- Origin
- Spain, 16th century
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Professional
Professional guitar
£GB1,000 or more
Professional acoustics come from established makers or specialist luthiers.
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After you buy
- Delivered worldwide
- We pack every instrument for international shipping; ask us about cases and insurance.
- Service and repair
- We service and repair any guitar, wherever you bought it, worldwide: ask us.
- Strings, parts and cases
- Ask us for strings, spare parts and cases, and about a size for a younger learner.
- Help with your instrument
- Ask us through the chat on any page, or by email, for help with your instrument. [email protected]
- Gifts, schools and travel
- Ask us about gift vouchers, class sets for schools, and flight cases and travel help.
Read the guitar care guide
- Humidity: Keep 45–55% relative humidity in the case, checked with a digital hygrometer; Taylor builds its guitars at 46%. Use a humidifier in dry months, paired with one at the headstock if it seals the soundhole, and silica gel in the monsoon. Buzzing, raised fret ends, a sinking top or a lifting bridge mean dryness; a cracked top or loose brace comes to us.
- Strings: Wipe them with a dry microfibre cloth after each session. Coated strings such as Elixir or D'Addario EXP last longer in humid weather. Change them every four to six weeks, sooner in the monsoon or if your hands sweat.
- Fretboard: Clean it at each string change and oil unfinished rosewood or ebony two or three times a year.
- Truss rod: Check there is one first. Buzz low on the neck or rising action higher up means it needs a turn. Aim for a slight forward bow; turn a quarter at a time and wait 24 hours. If two turns change nothing, bring it to us.
- Service: Have us set intonation at any gauge change and service it yearly.
Académie KalaSudha
Learn the guitar with us
To start Indian classical music on the guitar, learn with KalaSudha online or in a workshop, beginning at Foundation level. The first stage settles your sitting position and right-hand technique, whether you fingerpick or use a plectrum. We teach children as well as adults: ask us about a starting age and about a guitar size for a younger learner.
Guitarists returning after a long break start again where they left off. Our courses run in levels, so your teacher reviews where you stand first.
Your route, stage by stage
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Foundation & posture
Beginners in KalaSudha's courses begin at this Foundation stage. Establish correct sitting position and right-hand technique (fingerpicking or plectrum). Learn open chord shapes, basic scale patterns and chromatic exercises to build left-hand strength and fretboard familiarity.
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Scale practice & sargam
Map Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa onto the fretboard across several positions and practise ascending and descending patterns. Then add controlled string bends, slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs, the slurs Prasanna uses for gamaka, as graded exercises toward the pitch inflections Indian melody needs.
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Raga structure & grammar
Study two or three ragas in depth: their characteristic phrases (pakad), ascending and descending rules (aroha and avaroha) and principal notes (vadi and samvadi). Render alap, the free-time melodic exploration of a raga, on one raga before you introduce taal, the rhythmic cycle.
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Compositions & taal
Learn gat compositions in teentaal (16 beats) and ektaal (12 beats). Practise with a tabla player or a drone, maintaining rhythmic accuracy through slow, medium and fast tempos.
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Advanced improvisation
Develop extended improvisation within the raga, with tans (fast melodic passages) and call-and-response with the tabla. Study R. Prasanna's recordings and lessons for fretted phrasing and gamaka. Listen to Brij Bhushan Kabra for the Hindustani slide lineage, played on a guitar laid flat with a bar.
The instrument
About the guitar
What makes a guitar
The guitar is a six-string fretted chordophone, and ours suit Carnatic, Hindustani, film and fusion players. Its familiarity makes it simple to start on. The classical guitar has nylon strings and fan bracing, the steel-string acoustic X-bracing, and the electric, the sound of 20th-century popular music, turns string vibration into a signal through magnetic pickups. For meend the guitarist bends the string along the fret, as a sitarist pulls across it. A full-tone or minor-third bend held for seconds needs slightly raised action (1.8 to 2.2 mm at the 12th fret), lighter gauges and a fretboard radius that lets the string move. Many choose a semi-hollow electric for acoustic warmth; fingerpickers hold a drone under the melody, as a tanpura would.
R. Prasanna has played Carnatic music on the electric guitar since the 1990s, at Chennai festivals and teaching abroad, in his "Carnatic tuning", rendering gamaka through slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs. Brij Bhushan Kabra, a disciple of Ali Akbar Khan, took the guitar into Hindustani raga, laid flat and played with a bar, the line that led to the Indian slide guitar. Prasanna's ornament, rhythm and improvisation differ from Kabra's. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, a renowned player with his own style, plays the mohan veena he designed. With sympathetic and drone strings and raised action for lap slide, it uses no fretting and sounds closer to a Hawaiian lap steel than a Spanish guitar.
Historique
The guitar grew from the vihuela and four-course guitar of 16th-century Spain and Italy, which gained fifth and sixth courses; Gaetano Vinaccia of Naples set six strings by 1779. Torres of Seville's fan bracing, wider body and longer scale set the classical blueprint; the steel-string arose in the late 19th-century United States.
Traders and missionaries brought it to India's coasts in the 16th to 18th centuries; Portuguese Goa, over four centuries, built its deepest guitar culture in church music, Konkani song and dance. In the 19th century amateurs played it in anglicised drawing rooms of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras and at princely courts, never on the professional stage. Bombay film orchestras used session guitarists for chords and fills behind violins and harmonium from the 1930s, electric guitar from the 1940s; O. P. Nayyar made it the pulse of 1950s and 1960s film song. From the late 1950s US records and students back from UK universities raised club bands playing Chuck Berry, the Beatles and Cliff Richard.
Kabra's Call of the Valley (1967), with Hariprasad Chaurasia and Shivkumar Sharma, set the guitar in raga for a generation of players. Frets bend for meend and gamaka; the range suits melody and rhythm.
How a guitar is made
The top, or soundboard, is spruce or cedar, braced underneath with wooden struts. Spruce tops give clarity and projection, and cedar warmth for a lighter touch. Classical guitars use fan bracing, struts radiating below the soundhole, which nylon's lower tension allows; steel-string acoustics use X-bracing, two crossing struts that American makers used from the 1840s. Mahogany or rosewood back and sides colour the tone inside the body, with rosewood adding sustain, and luthiers voice each top by tapping and adjusting brace height. Steel-string and electric necks carry an adjustable truss rod; most classical necks do not.
Bridge pins anchor steel strings in the bridge plate, which spreads their pull; the bone or synthetic saddle sets action and intonation, and a bone nut with exact slots sustains better than plastic and stops open-string buzz. The neck joint, glued, bolted or through-body, shapes sustain.
An electric guitar's pickups sit under the strings: a vibrating string disturbs the magnet's field and induces a current. Single coils sound bright but hum; Seth Lover's humbucker for Gibson, patented in 1959, winds two coils out of phase to cancel it. Solid bodies such as the Stratocaster and Les Paul favour sustain; semi-hollows add acoustic warmth.
At a glance
- Classification
- Chordophone: plucked string
- String count
- 6 strings (standard); classical guitars use nylon, acoustics and electrics use steel
- Body types
- Classical (nylon-string), steel-string acoustic, archtop, semi-hollow and solid-body electric
- Key figures in India
- Brij Bhushan Kabra (Hindustani), R. Prasanna (Carnatic) and the Goan guitar tradition
- Indian contexts
- Hindustani classical, Carnatic classical, Hindi film music, Goan folk, fusion
- Standard tuning
- E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4 (low to high); open tunings for some Indian classical work, and Prasanna's E B E B E B for Carnatic music
Playing techniques
- Krintan (Hammer-on/Pull-off)
- Gamaka (Oscillation)
- String Bending
- Fingerpicking
- Plectrum Picking
Materials
- Acoustic Spruce
- Mahogany
- Rosewood
- Bone
- Nickel-wound Steel
Full specifications
Physical dimensions
- Overall length (acoustic)
- 965mm – 1030mm (38 – 40.5 inches)
- Body length
- 480mm – 510mm (19 – 20 inches)
- Body width (lower bout)
- 360mm – 410mm (14 – 16 inches)
- Body depth
- 90mm – 110mm (3.5 – 4.5 inches)
- Scale length
- 628mm – 650mm (24.75 – 25.5 inches)
- Total weight
- 1.5kg – 4.5kg (acoustic to solid-body electric)
Body construction & tonewoods
- Soundboard (top)
- Spruce (Engelmann, Sitka) or cedar
- Back & sides
- Mahogany, rosewood, sapele, or koa
- Internal bracing
- Fan bracing (classical); X-bracing (steel-string acoustic)
- Electric body wood
- Alder, ash, mahogany, or semi-hollow maple
- Body binding
- Plastic, tortoiseshell, or wood purfling
- Surface finish
- Nitrocellulose lacquer (vintage) or polyester/polyurethane
Neck, fretboard & action
- Neck material
- Mahogany, maple, or multi-piece laminate
- Fretboard material
- Rosewood, ebony, or maple
- Fret count
- 19 – 22 frets (acoustic); 21 – 24 frets (electric)
- Nut width
- About 52mm (classical); 41mm – 43mm (steel-string)
- Action height (12th fret)
- 1.6mm – 2.2mm treble side; up to 3mm for Indian classical bending
- Truss rod
- Adjustable steel rod controlling neck relief against string tension; most classical guitars have none
String & tuning specifications
- Standard tuning
- E2 – A2 – D3 – G3 – B3 – E4 (low to high)
- String count
- 6 (standard); 12 for 12-string variants
- Acoustic gauges
- 0.011 – 0.052 (light); 0.012 – 0.053 (medium)
- Classical string material
- Nylon or fluorocarbon (treble); silver-wound nylon (bass)
- Electric gauges
- 0.009 – 0.042 (super light); 0.010 – 0.046 (regular)
- Electric string material
- Nickel-wound or stainless steel over steel core
Acoustic & electronic characteristics
- Frequency range
- ~82 Hz (low E) – 5 kHz (upper harmonics)
- Pickup type
- Single-coil, humbucker, or piezo (acoustic-electric)
- Output level
- 100mV – 300mV RMS (passive pickups)
- Tonal bend range
- Up to minor third (3 semitones) for Indian classical gamaka
- Sustain
- 3 – 6 seconds (acoustic); 6 – 15 seconds (electric with amplifier)
Keep exploring
More around the guitar
Questions
Guitar: common questions
Buying, learning, care and the instrument itself.
To start Indian classical music on the guitar, learn with KalaSudha online or in a workshop, beginning at Foundation level. The first stage settles your sitting position and right-hand technique, whether you fingerpick or use a plectrum. We teach children as well as adults: ask us about a starting age and about a guitar size for a younger learner.
Guitarists returning after a long break start again where they left off. Our courses run in levels, so your teacher reviews where you stand first.
Yes, Indian classical music is played on the guitar. Hindustani guitarists mostly play lap-slide instruments that grew out of the Hawaiian guitar, following Pandit Brij Bhushan Kabra, who laid a modified Gibson archtop flat and played it with a slide; Barun Kumar Pal also plays Hindustani slide guitar. In Carnatic music, R. Prasanna plays a fretted electric guitar in his own Carnatic tuning, B E B E B E, and renders gamaka through slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs. Other guitarists use open tunings for some Indian classical work.
An Indian slide guitar grew from the Hawaiian lap-slide tradition: Brij Bhushan Kabra modified a Gibson Super 400 archtop guitar with a drone string and a high nut that lifts the strings off the fretboard. He played it seated and flat, with fingerpicks and a bar. He also added more chikari (high drone strings) and tarab (sympathetic strings).
A classical guitar carries nylon strings, and nylon's lower tension lets it use lighter internal reinforcement than a steel-string acoustic guitar. The bracing pattern is one of the main differences between the two. Classical guitars also generally lack an adjustable truss rod, which steel-string necks typically carry, though some modern nylon-string models, Taylor's among them, include one adjusted at the soundhole.
Taylor, the guitar maker, recommends keeping a guitar at 45% to 55% relative humidity, and builds its own guitars at 46%. Keep a digital hygrometer in the case to measure it. Taylor advises against humidifiers that seal the soundhole unless one is paired with a second at the headstock; two-way humidity packs hold 45% to 50%.
Most classical guitars have no adjustable truss rod; nylon's lower tension lets them use lighter internal reinforcement. Steel-string necks typically carry a truss rod. Some modern nylon-string models, Taylor's among them, do include one, adjusted through the soundhole. Check which kind you have before attempting any neck adjustment.
To adjust a guitar's truss rod, first tune the strings to pitch. Aim for a very slight forward bow in the neck. Tighten the rod clockwise if the neck has too much relief, and loosen it anticlockwise for back-bow and buzz. Most classical guitars have no adjustable rod, while steel-string necks carry one, so check yours before you start.
Taylor lists the signs of a guitar that is too dry: low action and buzzing, fret ends that protrude from the fingerboard, cracks, a sinking top and a lifting bridge. Taylor advises measuring humidity with a digital hygrometer kept in the case. It recommends 45% to 55% relative humidity, and two-way humidity packs hold 45% to 50%.
You can buy a guitar for Indian classical music from KalaSudha, by quote or made to order, wherever you live: we deliver worldwide. We pack every instrument for international shipping and can advise on cases and insurance; ask us.
Any guitar can come to us for service or repair, in any country, wherever you bought it. We also supply strings and spare parts. For help with your guitar after the sale, ask us through the chat on any page or at [email protected]. We arrange gift vouchers, class sets for schools and flight cases for travel on request.
You can book an Indian classical guitarist through KalaSudha for a concert, event or recording. Tell us what the occasion needs through our page to book Indian classical musicians. Before you choose, hear our artists in KalaSudha's recordings and concert videos.
Indian classical guitarists include Pandit Brij Bhushan Kabra (1937 to 2018), who took the guitar into Hindustani raga, laid flat and played with a bar, and R. Prasanna, who has played Carnatic music on the electric guitar since the 1990s.
Kabra studied with Ali Akbar Khan, whose fretless sarod he emulated with a slide, and his line led to the Indian slide guitar. Prasanna renders gamaka through slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs.
A guitar's standard tuning runs E2-A2-D3-G3-B3-E4, low to high, and some Indian classical work uses open tunings instead. In Carnatic music R. Prasanna plays in his own "Carnatic tuning", which sets every string to E or B.
Fingerpickers hold a drone under the melody, as a tanpura would.
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